Jacky Ho

previous venture · Documented activity through 2023

Bio Union

Bio Union explored how ECG sensing could move from a short clinical encounter into clothing designed for everyday wear. As founder, I helped shape a connected system spanning garment construction, printed electrodes, a removable sensing device, signal processing, mobile experiences, and service models.

Close-up of a Bio Union smart garment showing embedded sensor threads in dark athletic fabric
Original Bio Union single-lead ECG garment prototype.

Problem

Health data is often captured in short clinical windows or through consumer devices not designed for sustained monitoring.

Role & Contribution

Founder, Product Development Lead

Duration

6 years (2018–2024)

Status / Outcome

previous venture

Historical Project Notice

A retrospective on the Bio Union smart garment project (documented activity through 2023). This case study presents the original vision, physical prototypes, and design principles for an integrated ECG wearable system.

Role

Founder & Product Development Lead

Timeline

Documented activity through 2023

Scope

Product Strategy, Wearable Hardware, Digital Experience

The human and system problem

Health data is often captured in short clinical windows or through consumer devices that may not be designed for every monitoring need. Bio Union asked whether a familiar object — clothing — could make longer-duration sensing easier to integrate into everyday routines.

Our exploration was driven by the friction of separate electrodes, wires, patches, and complex setup processes, aiming to improve comfort and adherence, and better connect home data with professional follow-up.

The product thesis: clothing as an interface

Textiles contact a large area of the body and are already part of daily routines. We hypothesized that garment pattern and material decisions could stabilize sensor placement. A removable device separates electronics from washable textile components, while a connected application translates captured signals into a usable experience.

System architecture flow from body to garment, Leap M device, signal processing, and finally application or report.
System diagram reconstructed in 2026 from Bio Union's 2023 product architecture.

Choosing a sensing approach around the monitoring context

The team explored whether electrodes integrated into a close-fitting garment could support sustained ECG capture with less dependence on a user holding or positioning a separate device.

This required navigating the trade-offs between a close-fitting garment, comfort, movement, washability, and signal quality.

Designing the garment around movement

The smart garment was designed with single-lead garment construction, using printed conductive paths and electrodes. A front and back placement along with a chest-mounted removable device ensured a close but comfortable fit explicitly aimed at reducing movement at the sensing area.

Original Bio Union single-lead ECG garment prototype, showing front and back views.
Original Bio Union single-lead ECG garment prototype.
Front and back prototype views from private pitch deck.

Hardware evolution: Leap M series

To make the system washable, all processing and transmission electronics were isolated in a removable pebble-sized unit called the Leap M. As the project progressed, the hardware evolved to become smaller and lighter while improving battery life.

Leap M Gen.2 hardware module
Leap M hardware prototypes documented in Bio Union's 2023 pitch deck.
Leap M Gen.3 hardware module
Leap M hardware prototypes documented in Bio Union's 2023 pitch deck.

From signal to experience

The platform was conceptualized to process various signals into a coherent user experience. We mapped out a complete wearer journey to ensure smooth usage from capturing a session to professional follow-up.

Journey: Wear garment → confirm sensor connection → capture session → review signal/data summary → share or export report → follow up

Product principles

The Bio Union architecture was guided by several core design goals meant to translate technical advantages into user benefits:

Six product principles: Independent Operation, Non-Adhesive Comfort, Invisible Integration, Time & Cost Efficiency, Versatile Architecture, Reduced Medical Waste.
Design goals reconstructed from Bio Union's 2023 pitch deck.

Service ecosystem

Bio Union explored a comprehensive B2B2C business model that positioned the core technology platform as an enabler for both consumer end-markets (such as sports and elderly care) and service providers (like clinics and virtual visit providers).

Business model exploration diagram showing ODM, Own Brand, and end market partners.
Business-model exploration reconstructed from Bio Union's 2023 pitch deck.

Public presence and milestones

Throughout its documented history, Bio Union established a public presence to validate the concept and engage with the medical technology community.

Bio Union exhibition at MEDICA 2017 in Düsseldorf, Germany.
Bio Union exhibition at MEDICA 2017.

Outcome and Reflection

Building Bio Union was an intensive exploration of how hardware, textiles, and software can seamlessly integrate into daily life. Although the landscape of wearable technology continually shifts, the core belief that technology should adapt to humans — not the other way around — remains central to my practice.